Comparative Safety Analysis of Remote, Hybrid and Conventional Air Traffic Control Towers: A Multi-Case Study Approach

This study presents a comparative safety assessment, including operational reliability, for three representative implementation architectures for air traffic control at airports: remote, hybrid and conventional towers. The paper proposes a mathematical model to develop the original concept of "Runway Visual Range" video cameras [1], aiming to enhance the visual representation subsystem of Remote Tower (RT) and quantify a 5% improvement in reliability, especially in low visibility conditions. This concept in-creases the situational awareness of air traffic controllers and is incorporated into a risk assessment framework. Risk assessments based on the safety matrix, complement-ed by reliability calculations, form a rigorous framework for the efficient assessment of system reliability.